c. 1839–1860s

Daguerreotype

The earliest commercial photographs — mirror-bright images on silvered copper.

Daguerreotypes are the first commercially successful photographic process, invented by Louis Daguerre and announced in 1839. The image sits on the polished silver surface of a copper plate; viewed at the right angle it shifts between a positive image and a mirror reflection.

History

Origin & era

Each daguerreotype is a unique one-off — there is no negative. Plates are sealed behind glass with a paper or metal mat, then housed in hinged leather, thermoplastic ("Union"), or wooden cases. The process dominated 1840–1855 before being supplanted by the cheaper ambrotype and tintype, though high-end studios continued making them into the 1860s.

Identification

How to spot a Daguerreotype

  • Mirror-like reflective surface — image flips between positive and mirror as you tilt it.
  • Always sealed behind glass — never bare.
  • Almost always cased (leather, wood, or thermoplastic "Union" case).
  • Plates are silver on copper — heavier than a tintype, and not magnetic.
  • Hallmarks stamped on the plate edge identify the maker (often hidden under the mat).
Reference

Daguerreotype sizes

Daguerreotypes are sold by "plate size" — a system of fractions of the original whole-plate camera format.

Format Inches Millimeters Notes
Whole plate 6½ × 8½ in 165 × 216 mm Rare; mostly studio formal portraits.
Half plate 4¼ × 5½ in 108 × 140 mm Uncommon; usually couples or small groups.
Quarter plate 3¼ × 4¼ in 83 × 108 mm Common for higher-end portraits.
Sixth plate 2¾ × 3¼ in 70 × 83 mm By far the most common size — the default.
Ninth plate 2 × 2½ in 51 × 64 mm Often in small leather cases or lockets.
Sixteenth plate 1⅜ × 1⅝ in 35 × 41 mm Tiny — sometimes set into jewelry.
FAQ

Common questions

What is a daguerreotype?

A daguerreotype is the earliest commercially successful form of photography, invented by Louis Daguerre and announced in 1839. The image sits on the highly polished silver surface of a copper plate, sealed behind glass. Each daguerreotype is unique — there is no negative, so every plate is a one-of-a-kind original.

How do I tell a daguerreotype from a tintype or ambrotype?

A daguerreotype shows a mirror-like reflection — tilt it and the image flips between a positive picture and a mirror surface. Tintypes are dark, non-reflective, and magnetic. Ambrotypes (on glass) look similar to daguerreotypes face-on but never show the mirror-flip effect and are non-magnetic.

How much are daguerreotypes worth?

Sixth-plate cased portraits in average condition typically run $75–$250. Half- and whole-plate examples, outdoor and occupational scenes, identified sitters, fine cases, and exceptional image quality push values into the thousands. Severely tarnished plates with significant image loss are much less valuable.

Can a tarnished daguerreotype be cleaned?

Professionally yes, but it should never be attempted at home. The silver image is microscopically thin and household cleaners or polishing cloths will destroy it instantly. Conservation cleaning uses controlled electrochemical baths and is handled by specialist photographic conservators.

Sell to us

Have Daguerreotypes to sell?

We buy daguerreotype singly or by the lot. Send a few photos and we'll have an offer back in 24–48 hours.

Get an offer →
Continue browsing

Other photo types