Carte de Visite
Albumen-print portraits on small card mounts — the calling-card photo of the Civil War era.
CDV Circa 1860s 2c Civil War Tax Stamp Handsome Young Man Jackson MI
CDV Circa 1860s 3c Civil War Tax Stamp Handsome Man Mustache Canandaigua NY
CDV Circa 1860s 2c Civil War Tax Stamp Husband And Wife Unknown
Antique CDV Circa 1900s Handsome Man With Mustache Wearing Flat Cap Unmarked
CDV Circa 1860s 2c Civil War Tax Stamp Old Man In Suit Watkins NY
CDV Circa 1860s 2c Civil War Tax Stamp Lady In Dark Dress Philadelphia PA
CDV Circa 1860s 2c Civil War Tax Stamp Young Gorgeous Lady Perry NY
Antique CDV Circa 1890s Cute Young Girl In Dress Sitting On Rock Prop Unmarked
Antique CDV Circa 1880s Rykert Handsome Young Man In Suit Buffalo NY
CDV Circa 1860s 2c Civil War Tax Stamp Young Lady Long Ringlets Auburn NY
Antique CDV Circa 1880s Kimball Bros. Handsome Young Man In Suit Boston
Antique CDV Circa 1860s Chase Old Bearded Handsome Man Suit Cane Hat Newburyport
Antique CDV Circa 1860s Macnab Old Bearded Man In Suit Book Glasgow Scotland
Antique CDV Circa 1880s Thiebault Handsome Old Man In Suit Dijon France
Antique CDV Circa 1890s Bonnefont Cute Young Girl First Communion Dress Unmarked
Antique CDV Circa 1870s T. Ludwick Darnell Handsome Young Man Cumberland
Antique CDV Circa 1860s Handsome Man In Dark Suit By Ornate Table Unmarked
Antique CDV Circa 1880s Handsome Young Boy In Suit Sitting On Stool Unmarked
Antique CDV Circa 1870s Cute Baby In Patterned Dress Victorian Portrait Unmarked
Antique CDV Circa 1860s Husband And Wife Romantic Couple Bearded Man Unmarked
Antique CDV Circa 1860s Old Handsome Man In Frock Coat Suit Studio Unmarked
CDV Circa 1860s 3c Civil War Tax Stamp Lady In Dark Dress Lace Collar Unmarked
Antique CDV Circa 1880s J. Maurel Handsome Man With Mustache Suit Toulon France
Antique CDV Circa 1880s E. Valery Handsome Man With Mustache Suit Paris France
The carte de visite (CDV) is a small albumen photograph mounted on a stiff card the size of a calling card. First proposed by Louis Dodero in 1851 and patented in France by André Disdéri in 1854, CDVs became a worldwide craze after Disdéri photographed Emperor Napoleon III in 1859 — and stayed in production into the 1920s, collected and pasted into family albums by the millions.
HistoryOrigin & era
CDVs are produced from a glass-plate negative printed onto thin albumen paper, then trimmed and pasted to a card mount. Studios printed them by the dozen; the same sitter could order several copies of the same exposure to hand out. The format was largely displaced by the larger cabinet card from the 1880s onward, though CDV-sized prints continued to be made by smaller studios and itinerant photographers into the 1920s.
IdentificationHow to spot a CDV
- Card mount roughly 2½ × 4 inches.
- Albumen print — slight surface gloss, often warm brown or sepia tones.
- Studio imprint usually on the back (photographer + city).
- Square-cornered mounts are earlier (c. 1860s); rounded corners and decorated backs come in later.
- Tax revenue stamps on the back date it to 1864–1866 (U.S. Civil War tax).
CDV sizes
CDVs are largely standardized — the mount size barely varies — but the photo on the mount and the mount stock evolved over time.
| Format | Inches | Millimeters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard CDV mount | 2½ × 4 in | 64 × 100 mm | Universal mount size from the 1860s on. |
| Albumen print on mount | ≈ 2⅛ × 3½ in | ≈ 54 × 89 mm | Photo trimmed to fit the mount with a small border. |
| Victoria (mini-CDV) | 3¼ × 5 in | 83 × 127 mm | Brief 1870s variant — slightly larger than standard. |
Common questions
What is a CDV photograph?
A carte de visite (CDV) is a small albumen photograph mounted on a card the size of a calling card — roughly 2½ × 4 inches. The format was first proposed by Louis Dodero in 1851 and patented in France by André Disdéri in 1854. CDVs were the dominant portrait format from the early 1860s through the 1870s and continued to be made into the 1920s.
How can I tell if a CDV is from the Civil War era?
A revenue tax stamp on the back dates a CDV to between August 1864 and August 1866 — the only window when the U.S. taxed photographs. Square corners, plain mounts, and two-line photographer imprints also point to the 1860s; rounded corners and elaborate decorated backs are 1870s and later.
How much is an antique CDV worth?
Common 1870s studio portraits typically run $5–$25, while Civil War soldier images, identified subjects, occupational portraits, and outdoor scenes can run from $75 into the thousands. Condition, identification, and historical interest of the sitter drive value far more than age alone.
Are CDVs and cabinet cards the same thing?
No — they share the albumen process but cabinet cards are larger (about 4¼ × 6½ inches on heavier card stock) and came into vogue in the late 1860s. CDVs and cabinet cards coexisted from roughly 1866 into the 1890s before cabinets took over the standard portrait market.
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