Carte de Visite
Albumen-print portraits on small card mounts — the calling-card photo of the Civil War era.
Antique CDV Circa 1870s M. A. Bixby Young Gorgeous Lady Lace Collar Ludlow
Antique CDV Circa 1870s J. A. Brush Lady In Lace Collar Detroit Michigan
Antique CDV Circa 1870s M. A. Bixby Handsome Man With Mustache Suit Ludlow
Antique CDV Circa 1870s A.K. Drury Cute Young Boy In Dress Le Roy New York
Antique CDV Circa 1870s S. L. Stein Cute Baby In Long Gown Milwaukee Wisconsin
Antique CDV Circa 1870s Schroeder & Hagendorff Gorgeous Lady Milwaukee Wisconsin
Antique CDV Circa 1870s J. Kremer Cute Baby In White Dress Milwaukee Wisconsin
Antique CDV Circa 1870s R. A. Reed Young Gorgeous Lady In Pleated Dress Lynn
Antique CDV Circa 1870s M.J. Bixby Victorian Old Lady In Dress Ludlow Vermont
Antique CDV Circa 1870s Sutter Young Gorgeous Lady In Dress Milwaukee
Antique CDV Circa 1870s P. Hawk Handsome Young Man In Suit Anderson Indiana
Antique CDV Circa 1870s J. A. Brush Young Woman & Cute Baby Detroit Michigan
Antique CDV Circa 1860s J.G. Steiger Old Handsome Man In Suit New Haven
Antique CDV Circa 1860s A. N. Hardy Gorgeous Lady In Dress With Book Boston
CDV Circa 1860s 2c Civil War Tax Stamp Young Lady In Dress Dunkirk NY
CDV Circa 1860s 3c Civil War Tax Stamp Lady In Dark Dress NY NY
CDV Circa 1860s 2c Civil War Tax Stamp Cute Young Boy Suit Williamsburg NY
CDV Circa 1860s 2c Civil War Tax Stamp Old Lady In Dress Utica NY
Antique CDV Circa 1860s Christmas Cute Young Boy Portrait Mansfield OH
CDV Circa 1860s 2c Civil War Tax Stamp Handsome Bearded Man Albany NY
CDV Circa 1860s 2c Civil War Tax Stamp Man With Mustache In Suit OH
CDV Circa 1860s 3c Civil War Tax Stamp Young Handsome Man Providence
CDV Circa 1860s 3c Civil War Tax Stamp Old Man With Mustache Providence
CDV Circa 1860s 2c Civil War Tax Stamp Old Romantic Couple Pontiac MI
The carte de visite (CDV) is a small albumen photograph mounted on a stiff card the size of a calling card. First proposed by Louis Dodero in 1851 and patented in France by André Disdéri in 1854, CDVs became a worldwide craze after Disdéri photographed Emperor Napoleon III in 1859 — and stayed in production into the 1920s, collected and pasted into family albums by the millions.
HistoryOrigin & era
CDVs are produced from a glass-plate negative printed onto thin albumen paper, then trimmed and pasted to a card mount. Studios printed them by the dozen; the same sitter could order several copies of the same exposure to hand out. The format was largely displaced by the larger cabinet card from the 1880s onward, though CDV-sized prints continued to be made by smaller studios and itinerant photographers into the 1920s.
IdentificationHow to spot a CDV
- Card mount roughly 2½ × 4 inches.
- Albumen print — slight surface gloss, often warm brown or sepia tones.
- Studio imprint usually on the back (photographer + city).
- Square-cornered mounts are earlier (c. 1860s); rounded corners and decorated backs come in later.
- Tax revenue stamps on the back date it to 1864–1866 (U.S. Civil War tax).
CDV sizes
CDVs are largely standardized — the mount size barely varies — but the photo on the mount and the mount stock evolved over time.
| Format | Inches | Millimeters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard CDV mount | 2½ × 4 in | 64 × 100 mm | Universal mount size from the 1860s on. |
| Albumen print on mount | ≈ 2⅛ × 3½ in | ≈ 54 × 89 mm | Photo trimmed to fit the mount with a small border. |
| Victoria (mini-CDV) | 3¼ × 5 in | 83 × 127 mm | Brief 1870s variant — slightly larger than standard. |
Common questions
What is a CDV photograph?
A carte de visite (CDV) is a small albumen photograph mounted on a card the size of a calling card — roughly 2½ × 4 inches. The format was first proposed by Louis Dodero in 1851 and patented in France by André Disdéri in 1854. CDVs were the dominant portrait format from the early 1860s through the 1870s and continued to be made into the 1920s.
How can I tell if a CDV is from the Civil War era?
A revenue tax stamp on the back dates a CDV to between August 1864 and August 1866 — the only window when the U.S. taxed photographs. Square corners, plain mounts, and two-line photographer imprints also point to the 1860s; rounded corners and elaborate decorated backs are 1870s and later.
How much is an antique CDV worth?
Common 1870s studio portraits typically run $5–$25, while Civil War soldier images, identified subjects, occupational portraits, and outdoor scenes can run from $75 into the thousands. Condition, identification, and historical interest of the sitter drive value far more than age alone.
Are CDVs and cabinet cards the same thing?
No — they share the albumen process but cabinet cards are larger (about 4¼ × 6½ inches on heavier card stock) and came into vogue in the late 1860s. CDVs and cabinet cards coexisted from roughly 1866 into the 1890s before cabinets took over the standard portrait market.
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